Carbon

Carbon is a chemical element with atomic number 6 and the symbol C

A carbon atom exists out of 6 electrons, 6 protons and 6 neutrons

Carbon's sublimation point is: 3642 degrees celcius
 Sublimation is the phase transition of a substance directly
 from a solid phase to a gas phase without passing through
 the intermediate liquid phase.

Carbon is a nonmetallic and tetravalent, making four electrons
available on the outer ring of the electron shell to form covalent chemical bonds.

Three isotopes occur naturally being 12C and 13C which are stable,
while 14C is a radionuclide.

Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth's crust.

it has an unique diversity of organic compounds,
and it has an unusual ability to form polymers at the temperatures
commonly encountered on Earth enables this element
to serve as a common element of all known life.

The atoms of carbon can bond together in different ways.
The best known are graphite, diamond, and amorphous carbon.
And the physical properties of carbon vary widely with the
allotropic form.
 For example: graphite is opaque, soft and breakable (mohs scale 1-2) and black
 while diamond is very hard (mohs scale 10) and highly transparent.

Under normal conditions, diamond, carbon nanotubes, and graphene have the highest thermal
conductivities of all known materials.

Graphite properties:
-Graphite is one of the softest materials known.
-Graphite is a very good lubricant even displaying superlubricity.
-Graphite is a conductor of electricity.
-Some forms of graphite are used for thermal insulation while some other forms are good thermal conductors.

Diamond properties:
-Synthetic nanocrystalline diamond is the hardest known material.
-Diamond is the best known naturally occurring thermal conductor.
-Diamond is the ultimate abrasive.
-Diamond is an excellent electrical insulator, and has the highest breakdown of electric field of any known material.
-Diamond is the best known naturally occurring thermal conductor.

Graphene:
Graphene is an allotrope form of carbon consisting of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in an hexagonal lattice.
And it is nearly transpirant.
Properties of graphene:
-Graphene is the strongest material ever tested
-Graphene shows a large and nonlinear diamagnetism.
-And graphene has very high electrical conductivity.

Uses:
-To turn iron in to steel with the carbon amount usually being less then 1 percent
-Tungsten carbide is prepared by reaction of tungsten metal and carbon at 1400 to 2000 degrees celcius

-Graphite combined with clays for writing
-And ink can be made from it

-As a fossil fuel
-Coal and oil are used as fuel for production of energy

-Carbon is used in electrodes for dry batteries
-In electroplating
-And electroforming

-It is used in brushes for electric motors

-As a neutron moderator in nuclear reactors

-For making carbon fiber